Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Frostbite Chapter 5

Five I HAD NO IDEA WHAT Dimitri was talking about, but I followed along obediently. To my surprise, he led me out of the boundaries of the campus and into the surrounding woods. The Academy owned a lot of land, not all of which was actively used for educational purposes. We were in a remote part of Montana, and at times, it seemed as though the school was just barely holding back the wilderness. We walked quietly for a while, our feet crunching through thick, unbroken snow. A few birds flitted by, singing their greetings to the rising sun, but mostly all I saw were scraggly, snow-heavy evergreen trees. I had to work to keep up with Dimitri's longer stride, particularly since the snow slowed me down a little. Soon, I discerned a large, dark shape ahead. Some kind of building. â€Å"What is that?† I asked. Before he could answer, I realized it was a small cabin, made out of logs and everything. Closer examination showed that the logs looked worn and rotten in some places. The roof sagged a little. â€Å"Old watch-post,† he said. â€Å"Guardians used to live on the edge of campus and keep watch for Strigoi.† â€Å"Why don't they anymore?† â€Å"We don't have enough guardians to staff it. Besides, Moroi have warded campus with enough protective magic that most don't think it's necessary to have actual people on guard.† Provided no humans staked the wards, I thought. For a few brief moments, I entertained the hope that Dimitri was leading me off to some romantic getaway. Then I heard voices on the opposite side of the building. A familiar hum of feeling coursed into my mind. Lissa was there. Dimitri and I rounded the corner of the building, coming up on a surprising scene. A small frozen pond lay there, and Christian and Lissa were ice skating on it. A woman I didn't know was with them, but her back was to me. All I could see was a wave of jet-black hair that arced around her when she skated to a graceful stop. Lissa grinned when she saw me. â€Å"Rose!† Christian glanced over at me as she spoke, and I got the distinct impression he felt I was intruding on their romantic moment. Lissa moved in awkward strides to the pond's edge. She wasn't so adept at skating. I could only stare in bewildermentand jealousy. â€Å"Thanks for inviting me to the party.† â€Å"I figured you were busy,† she said. â€Å"And this is secret anyway. We aren't supposed to be here.† I could have told them that. Christian skated up beside her, and the strange woman soon followed. â€Å"You bringing party crashers, Dimka?† she asked. I wondered who she was talking to, until I heard Dimitri laugh. He didn't do it that often, and my surprise increased. â€Å"It's impossible to keep Rose away from places she shouldn't be. She always finds them eventually.† The woman grinned and turned around, flipping her long hair over one shoulder, so that I suddenly saw her face full-on. It took every ounce of my already dubiously held self-control not to react. Her heart-shaped face had large eyes exactly the same shade as Christian's, a pale wintry blue. The lips that smiled at me were delicate and lovely, glossed in a shade of pink that set off the rest of her features. But across her left cheek, marring what would have otherwise been smooth, white skin were raised, purplish scars. Their shape and formation looked very much like someone had bitten into and torn out part of her cheek. Which, I realized, was exactly what had happened. I swallowed. I suddenly knew who this was. It was Christian's aunt. When his parents had turned Strigoi, they'd come back for him, hoping to hide him away and turn him Strigoi when he was older. I didn't know all the details, but I knew his aunt had fended them off. As I'd observed before, though, Strigoi were deadly. She'd provided enough of a distraction until the guardians showed up, but she hadn't walked away without damage. She extended her gloved hand to me. â€Å"Tasha Ozera,† she said. â€Å"I've heard a lot about you, Rose.† I gave Christian a dangerous look, and Tasha laughed. â€Å"Don't worry,† she said. â€Å"It was all good.† â€Å"No, it wasn't,† he countered. She shook her head in exasperation. â€Å"Honestly, I don't know where he got such horrible social skills. He didn't learn them from me.† That was obvious, I thought. â€Å"What are you guys doing out here?† I asked. â€Å"I wanted to spend some time with these two.† A small frown wrinkled her forehead. â€Å"But I don't really like hanging around the school itself. They aren't always hospitable†¦.† I didn't get that at first. School officials usually fell all over themselves when royals came to visit. Then I figured it out. â€Å"Because †¦ because of what happened †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Considering the way everyone treated Christian because of his parents, I shouldn't have been surprised to find his aunt facing the same discrimination. Tasha shrugged. â€Å"That's the way it is.† She rubbed her hands together and exhaled, her breath making a frosty cloud in the air. â€Å"But let's not stand out here, not when we can build a fire inside.† I gave a last, wistful glance at the frozen pond and then followed the others inside. The cabin was pretty bare, covered in layers of dust and dirt. It consisted of only one room. There was a narrow bed with no covers in the corner and a few shelves where food had probably once been stored. There was a fireplace, however, and we soon had a blaze going that warmed the small area. The five of us sat down, huddling around its heat, and Tasha produced a bag of marshmallows that we cooked over the flames. As we feasted on that gooey goodness, Lissa and Christian talked to each other in that easy, comfortable way they always had. To my surprise, Tasha and Dimitri also talked in a familiar and light way. They obviously knew each other from way back when. I'd actually never seen him so animated before. Even when affectionate with me, there'd always been a serious air about him. With Tasha, he bantered and laughed. The more I listened to her, the more I liked her. Finally, unable to stay out of the conversation, I asked, â€Å"So are you coming on the ski trip?† She nodded. Stifling a yawn, she stretched herself out like a cat. â€Å"I haven't been skiing in ages. No time. Been saving all my vacation for this.† â€Å"Vacation?† I gave her a curious look. â€Å"Do you have†¦a job?† â€Å"Sadly, yes,† Tasha said, though she didn't actually sound very sad about it. â€Å"I teach martial arts classes.† I stared in astonishment. I couldn't have been more surprised if she'd said she was an astronaut or a telephone psychic. A lot of royals just didn't work at all, and if they did, it was usually in some sort of investment or other moneymaking business that furthered their family fortunes. And those who did work certainly didn't do a lot of martial arts or physically demanding jobs. Moroi had a lot of great attributes: exceptional sensessmell, sight, and hearingand the power to work magic. But physically, they were tall and slender, often small-boned. They also got weak from being in sunlight. Now, those things weren't enough to prevent someone from becoming a fighter, but they did make it more challenging. An idea had built up among the Moroi over time that their best offense was a good defense, and most shied away from the thought of physical conflict. They hid in well-protected places like the Academy, always relying on stronger, hardier dhampirs to guard them. â€Å"What do you think, Rose?† Christian seemed highly amused by my surprise. â€Å"Think you could take her?† â€Å"Hard to say,† I said. Tasha crooked me a grin. â€Å"You're being modest. I've seen what you guys can do. This is just a hobby I picked up.† Dimitri chuckled. â€Å"Now you're being modest. You could teach half the classes around here.† â€Å"Not likely,† she said. â€Å"It'd be pretty embarrassing to be beaten up by a bunch of teenagers.† â€Å"I don't think that'd happen,† he said. â€Å"I seem to remember you doing some damage to Neil Szelsky.† Tasha rolled her eyes. â€Å"Throwing my drink in his face wasn't actually damageunless you consider the damage it did to his suit. And we all know how he is about his clothes.† They both laughed at some private joke the rest of us weren't in on, but I was only half-listening. I was still intrigued about her role with the Strigoi. The self-control I'd tried to maintain finally slipped. â€Å"Did you start learning to fight before or after that happened to your face?† â€Å"Rose!† hissed Lissa. But Tasha didn't seem upset. Neither did Christian, and he usually grew uncomfortable when the attack with his parents was brought up. She regarded me with a level, thoughtful look. It reminded me of the one I sometimes got from Dimitri if I did something surprising that he approved of. â€Å"After,† she said. She didn't lower her gaze or look embarrassed, though I sensed sadness in her. â€Å"How much do you know?† I glanced at Christian. â€Å"The basics.† She nodded. â€Å"I knew †¦ I knew what Lucas and Moira had become, but that still didn't prepare me. Mentally, physically, or emotionally. I think if I had to live through it again, I still wouldn't be ready. But after that night, I looked at myself figurativelyand realized how defenseless I was. I'd spent my whole life expecting guardians to protect me and take care of me. â€Å"And that's not to say the guardians aren't capable. Like I said, you could probably take me in a fight. But theyLucas and Moiracut down our two guardians before we realized what had happened. I stalled them from taking Christian but just barely. If the others hadn't shown up, I'd be dead, and he'd† She stopped, frowned, and kept going. â€Å"I decided that I didn't want to die that way, not without putting up a real fight and doing everything I could to protect myself and those I love. So I learned all sorts of self-defense. And after a while, I didn't really, uh, fit in so well with high society around here. So I moved to Minneapolis and made a living from teaching others.† I didn't doubt there were other Moroi living in Minneapolisthough God only knew whybut I could read between the lines. She'd moved there and integrated herself with humans, keeping away from other vampires like Lissa and I had for two years. I started to wonder also if there might have been something else there between the lines. She'd said she'd learned â€Å"all sorts of self-defense†apparently, more than just martial arts. Going along with their offense-defense beliefs, the Moroi didn't think magic should be used as a weapon. Long ago, it had been used that way, and some Moroi still secretly did today. Christian, I knew, was one of them. I suddenly had a good idea of where he might have picked up that kind of thing. Silence fell. It was hard to follow up a sad story like that. But Tasha, I realized, was one of those people who could always lighten a mood. It made me like her even more, and she spent the rest of the time telling us funny stories. She didn't put on airs like a lot of royals did, so she had lots of dirt on everyone. Dimitri knew a lot of the people she spoke of honestly, how did someone so antisocial seem to know everyone in Moroi and guardian societyand would occasionally add some small detail. They had us in hysterics until Tasha finally looked at her watch. â€Å"Where's the best place a girl can go shopping around here?† she asked. Lissa and I exchanged looks. â€Å"Missoula,† we said in unison. Tasha sighed. â€Å"That's a couple hours away, but if I leave soon, I can probably still get in some time before the stores close. I'm hopelessly behind in Christmas shopping.† I groaned. â€Å"I'd kill to go shopping.† â€Å"Me too,† said Lissa. â€Å"Maybe we could sneak along†¦.† I gave Dimitri a hopeful look. â€Å"No,† he said immediately. I gave a sigh of my own. Tasha yawned again. â€Å"I'll have to grab some coffee, so I don't sleep on the drive in.† â€Å"Can't one of your guardians drive for you?† She shook her head. â€Å"I don't have any.† â€Å"Don't have any †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I frowned, parsing her words. â€Å"You don't have any guardians?† â€Å"Nope.† I shot up. â€Å"But that's not possible! You're royal. You should have at least one. Two, really.† Guardians were distributed among Moroi in a cryptic, micromanaged way by the Guardian Council. It was kind of an unfair system, considering the ratio of guardians to Moroi. Non-royals tended to get them by a lottery system. Royals always got them. High-ranking royals often got more than one, but even the lowest-ranking member of royalty wouldn't have been without one. â€Å"The Ozeras aren't exactly first in line when guardians get assigned,† said Christian bitterly. â€Å"Ever since†¦my parents died†¦there's kind of been a shortage.† My anger flared up. â€Å"But that's not fair. They can't punish you for what your parents did.† â€Å"It's not punishment, Rose.† Tasha didn't seem nearly as enraged as she should have been, in my opinion. â€Å"It's just†¦a rearranging of priorities.† â€Å"They're leaving you defenseless. You can't go out there by yourself!† â€Å"I'm not defenseless, Rose. I've told you that. And if I really wanted a guardian, I could make a nuisance of myself, but it's a lot of hassle. I'm fine for now.† Dimitri glanced over at her. â€Å"You want me to go with you?† â€Å"And keep you up all night?† Tasha shook her head. â€Å"I wouldn't do that to you, Dimka.† â€Å"He doesn't mind,† I said quickly, excited about this solution. Dimitri seemed amused by me speaking for him, but he didn't contradict me. â€Å"I really don't.† She hesitated. â€Å"All right. But we should probably go soon.† Our illicit party dispersed. The Moroi went one direction; Dimitri and I went another. He and Tasha made plans to meet up in a half hour. â€Å"So what do you think of her?† he asked when we were alone. â€Å"I like her. She's cool.† I thought about her for a moment. â€Å"And I get what you mean about the marks.† â€Å"Oh?† I nodded, watching my footing as we walked along the paths. Even when salted and shoveled, they could still collect hidden patches of ice. â€Å"She didn't do what she did for glory. She did it because she had to. Just like†¦just like my mom did.† I hated to admit it, but it was true. Janine Hathaway might be the worst mother ever, but she was a great guardian. â€Å"The marks don't matter. Molnijas or scars.† â€Å"You're a fast learner,† he said with approval. I swelled under his praise. â€Å"Why does she call you Dimka?† He laughed softly. I'd heard a lot of his laughter tonight and decided I'd like to hear more of it. â€Å"It's a nickname for Dimitri.† â€Å"That doesn't make any sense. It doesn't sound anything like Dimitri. You should be called, I don't know, Dimi or something.† â€Å"That's not how it works in Russian,† he said. â€Å"Russian's weird,† In Russian, the nickname for Vasilisa was Vasya, which made no sense to me. â€Å"So is English.† I gave him a sly look. â€Å"If you'd teach me to swear in Russian, I might have a new appreciation for it.† â€Å"You swear too much already.† â€Å"I just want to express myself.† â€Å"Oh, Roza†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed, and I felt a thrill tickle me. â€Å"Roza† was my name in Russian. He rarely used it. â€Å"You express yourself more than anyone else I know.† I smiled and walked on a bit without saying anything else. My heart skipped a beat, I was so happy to be around him. There was something warm and right about us being together. Even as I floated along, my mind churned over something else that I'd been thinking about. â€Å"You know, there's something funny about Tasha's scars.† â€Å"What's that?† he asked. â€Å"The scars†¦they mess up her face,† I began slowly. I was having trouble putting my thoughts into words. â€Å"I mean, it's obvious she used to be really pretty. But even with the scars now †¦ I don't know. She's pretty in a different way. It's like†¦like they're part of her. They complete her.† It sounded silly, but it was true. Dimitri didn't say anything, but he gave me a sidelong glance. I returned it, and as our eyes met, I saw the briefest glimpse of the old attraction. It was fleeting and gone too soon, but I'd seen it. Pride and approval replaced it, and they were almost as good. When he spoke, it was to echo his earlier thoughts. â€Å"You're a fast learner, Roza.†

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Frederick Clegg †A Study in Psychopathy Essay

Throughout the whole book Frederick enjoys his loneliness which occurred due to his abnormal upbringing. Fredericks was guided through life by his uncle whom he sincerely adored and who has become his spiritual life leader. Frederick deeply suffered after his death and didn’t manage to build such strong relationships that he used to have before. Frederick has many psychological drawbacks. Since his childhood, he has been let down and abandoned several times: My father was killed driving. I was two. †¦ He was drunk, but Aunt Annie always said it was my mother that drove him to drink. They never told me what really happened, but she went off soon after and left me with Aunt Annie, she only wanted an easy time. [†¦ ] I don’t care now, if she is still alive, I don’t want to meet her, I’ve got no interest. [†¦] So I was brought up by Aunt Annie and Uncle Dick with their daughter Mabel. Truly, these cases of death and abandonment have influenced him radically. One can easily suppose that he is feared to be re-abandoned and this is a reason why he doesn’t want to risk the option that Miranda abandons him when she is ill. That’s why, Frederick chooses to reject the medical treatment. Surely, he would be accused and imprisoned if she would tell somebody about the kidnapping, but due to the fact that he does not express any fear of being imprisoned, it is more likely that he is more scared of loneliness. Probably the two fears are somehow connected, which is why Frederick refuses to provide Miranda with medical help. His inadequate behavior clearly demonstrates his psychopathic personal traits. In fact, Frederick is sanctimonious person and snob. While looking at other people he experiences antipathy because the way they communicate, organize their daily life and accept him do not coincide with his world view. Frederick is too lazy to do anything to change this situation. He keeps distance with his co-workers and ignores everything which is not included in his life. It can be noticed from the first page that Frederick is quite strange young fellow who perceives surrounding environment in negativity. Due to the fact the he was brought up in a small town experiencing the lack of comfort, knowledge, and chances, he became unable to experience true human feelings like sympathy, and sacrifice. If Frederick Clegg had been a real figure, he would have been diagnosed with the following psychopathic symptoms: †¢ Sex life impersonal, trivial, and poorly integrated: Frederick’s sexual relationships with Miranda could have been developed faster and more productively if only he had not been so handicapped. He treated Miranda as an object and his absolute possession having dominating behavior rather than having equal relationships person with distinct social intentions and needs. †¢ Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations Emotional coldness and disinterest in unrelated to his lifestyle events and notions are common to people with certain psychological disorders due to the fact that they are narrowly oriented on one single person/object/notion. †¢ Pathologic egocentricity and incapacity for love From the point of view of psychology and psychopathy the only one person truly and deeply adored by Frederick is he himself. Having higher priority set of his own actions, he thus sincerely justified his right to receive premium quality relationships, attitudes, and life in general. †¢ Poor judgment and failure to learn by experience Frederick is characterized by having irrational thinking and inability to analyze and therefore correct his behavior. †¢ Inadequately motivated antisocial behavior Some medical researchers and analysts have applied the notion of spiritual, psychological, and social suicide in case with Frederick. †¢ Lack of remorse and shame Absence of regret, sorrow, or embarrassment emerges from his total confidence in the soundness of his actions, thoughts, and intentions. †¢ Unreliability Failure to establish healthy relationships with psychologically adequate people results in his inability to function as a reliable person. †¢ Absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations Frederick’s case is different from any other psychological disorder such as psychoneurotics, aggressive sexual behavior, etc. (Mossen 44). Clegg possesses these psychopathic personality traits because he cares little about others. A number of medical analysts claim that Frederick Clegg should be considered to be sociopath rather than psychopath. The difference between these two notions is reflected in the fact that sociopathy develops from negative sociological factors like low social status, financial non-satisfaction, and illegal environment, while psychopathy is ingenerate disease being nurtured by impulsivity, high/low intelligence, and failure to accept social norms and generally establish behavioral rules. He is so selfish he can’t accept any rejections which can be understood from his attitude towards Miranda. The phrase ‘she was mine’ explains everything he felt for Miranda whom he treats just like one of his butterflies that has to be taken care of. After he captures the girl he is overwhelmed by the mind-blowing feeling for possessing what he has cherished such a long time.. Frederick may be emotionally and sexually described as having total lack of sexual attraction. ‘ A statement made by Frederick right after Miranda’s death explains much of himself in terms of his mentally unhealthy character: â€Å"I thought I was acting for the best and within rights†. First of all, Frederick didn’t have good intentions. Although Frederick did not consider Miranda’s disease to be true for the first couple of days, and even after it appeared to be such he didn’t start looking for help. This proves that he was not acting within his rights. Also, the fact of kidnapping itself is far from being human and cannot be justified. This statement demonstrates the absolute egocentricity and brutality of Frederick. It would also be appropriate to note that he was repeatedly treating Miranda as his guest. It is the evidence of unhealthy Frederick’s character as Miranda is forced to spend time at his place rather than volunteering visiting him. All of these things, as well as various others contribute to a sharp audience response that makes the theme of the story become more evident. (Holland 97). Irony may also be noticed in the issue of freedom relating Frederick and Miranda â€Å"relationships†. In fact, Miranda is kept locked, however, it does not mean that she is limited in her mind and soul. Frederick’s mind level is very limited, he is close to anyone else’s ideas which can be seen from his inability to recognize and understand Miranda’s attraction to art. One more significant discussion going on in the story was the conversation about the book ‘The catcher in the rye. ‘ Frederick fails to understand the meaning as he perceives it as a mess and doesn’t like the way the main character talks in it. It set a vivid contrast with Miranda and illustrates to what extent she is free regardless of the fact of her imprisonment. She is eager to learn everything new that surrounds her. She is an open-minded lady and her skill to deeply interpret others’ thought and feelings are based on her own thinking and analysis. (Nicklette 87). Frederick is a character with little knowledge of what love and human relationships are. That’s why he does not know what he really wants from relationships with the girl. What he strives for is clarity, excellence and exceptionality: â€Å"I always thought of her like that, I mean words like elusive and sporadic, and very refined – not like the other ones, even the pretty ones. † As indicated above, it is wholesome and perfect love that Frederick strives for. He rejects females who have had active sexual life and is always disgusted by them. His â€Å"perfect match† is â€Å"pure† just as he considers himself. Here he reveals what in psychopathy is called grandiose sense of perfection. (Mossen 1995). He picks a prostitute, and explains his sexual inability by saying that the female was not compatible with his imaginary woman: â€Å"I was too nervous, I tried to be as if I knew all about it and of course she saw, she was old and she was horrible, horrible. I mean, both in the filthy way she behaved and in looks. She was worn, common† . This statement does not only show Frederick’s idea of what real women should be like, but it also opens his low self-confidence. Throughout the story, the audience can feel Fredericks’s inferiority complex and with the example of what Frederick thinks of Miranda’s surrounding environment: â€Å"The only times I didn’t have nice dreams about her being when I saw her with a certain young man, a loud noisy public-school type who had a sports car† . It is obvious that he is jealous of the â€Å"young man with a sports car†, not only because of Miranda, but also because he does not belong to the upper crust of the society. In his storytelling, Frederick states that he people from the upper class disgust him: I remember a night we went out and had supper at a posh restaurant [†¦] Everything in the room seemed to look down at us because we weren’t brought up their way. [†¦] If you ask me, London’s all arranged for the people who can act like public schoolboys, and you don’t get anywhere if you don’t have the manner born and the right la-di-da voice – I mean rich people’s London, the West End, of course. † There is also some expression â€Å"la-di-da† that is oftentimes used by Frederick. Oxford English Dictionary Online states that â€Å"la-di-da† stands for â€Å"A derisive term for one who affects gentility; a ‘swell’†. He also addresses upper crust men as â€Å"public schoolboys†, and typically continues by illustrating them as loud, stupid and egotistical. It would be appropriate to note how Frederick at the beginning does not seem to take Miranda as a lady from the upper crust, but later on he changes his mind: â€Å"Of course it was very educated, but it wasn’t la-di-da, it wasn’t slimy, she didn’t beg the cigarettes or like demand them, she just asked for them in an easy way and you didn’t have any class feeling† . At the beginning this is the way he describes Miranda and, in this case, her voice. After Miranda’s death, Frederick says: â€Å"I ought to have seen that I could never get what I wanted from someone like Miranda, with all her la-di-da ideas and clever tricks† . Apparently, Frederick’s feelings for Miranda have changed. He finally is able to understand the social difference between Miranda and him, and its importance, but not until just before Miranda dies: â€Å"There was always class between us† . Due to his low social background, Frederick cannot truly see himself as someone climbing upwards on social ladder after he has won some money. His inability to accept of upper crust behavior has very strong roots in his head. When Miranda pushes him to donate money to charity, he refuses, and expresses openly what he thinks about this idea: â€Å"I know rich people give sums, but in my opinion they do it to get their names published or to dodge the tax-man† . When Frederick refers to people of the upper crust, he has a very cynical opinion. Both Frederick and Miranda stay totally the same as the plot moves forward, although sometimes Miranda seems to be rather passive in development. There can be found rather clear markers in the novel that demonstrates a development, especially in the case of Frederick. At the beginning, he is shown as an innocent, naive young fellow who is somewhat socially isolated. (Russel 129). Frederick has a very romantic view of love and relationships at that time, the type of romantic love we can read about in books, for instance, in Romeo and Juliet: â€Å"I can’t say what it was, the very first time I saw her, I knew she was the only one. [†¦] I used to have daydreams about her, I used to think of stories where I met her, did things she admired, married her and all that. Nothing nasty, that was never until what I’ll explain later† . Frederick has turned from naive young fellow with low social skills to an compulsive, heartless serial killer. Fowles does not state that Frederick will become a serial killer, but the way he lets Frederick think about kidnapping another young lady after Miranda’s death gives the reader the feeling that the story has not yet come to an end. Nonetheless, Frederick is still very naive when it comes to death and life. â€Å"The Great Beyond† as an idiom for death suggests a romantic mind, but his belief in aspirin as the best way kill him is rather unreasonable. Works Cited †¢ Daniels, John. Literature XX. London: Ranfield Books, 2004. †¢ Fowles, John. The Collector. New York: Pocket Books, 2000. †¢ Fernando, Eric. Literature Today. Chicago: Chicago Publishing, 1999. †¢ Holland, Mark. Literature Analysis. New York: Penguin, 2003. †¢ Kelly, Bob. John Fowles. Biography. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Mossen, Steve. The Collector. Analysis. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Nicklette, Brebis. European Literature. Psychological Overview. Chicago: Chicago Publishing, 1997. †¢ Powels, Eric. History of World Literature. Oxford: Oxford Press, 1996. †¢ Russel, Brandon. Literature. Synopsis. New York: Maison Book, 1995. †¢ Oxford English Dictionary. â€Å"La-di-da†. 21 Feb. 2007

Monday, July 29, 2019

International business in emerging economics Assignment - 1

International business in emerging economics - Assignment Example In addition, there are other benefits including availability of raw materials, affordable skilled labor and ready market. The continued efforts by governments and environmentalists to promote renewable energy are a major advantage for the company. The entry of EST in the Chinese solar panel manufacturing sector can be done through the adoption of a trade-based strategy. This strategy involves establishment of a factory that manufactures solar panels without using any subsidiaries. The development of a wholly owned factory is highly beneficial to the company since the company is able to streamline its operations according to favourable conditions of the company. China is one of the strongest emerging economies in the world having been catapulted by the economic reforms that were advanced in the 1970s. With a GDP of $ 9.24 trillion in 2013 (which is a 7.7% growth), China has shifted from a centrally planned economy to one that is market based (The World Bank 2014). The availability of raw materials, labor and ready market has made China to industrialize at a very fast pace. Among many technologies that have been advanced in the world, the manufacturing of solar panels is a major hit in the market today. Solar panels are being widely used in many countries of the world where there is adequate solar energy as a source of renewable energy. This is because solar energy is associated with diverse benefits including environmental safety and is a relatively cheaper source of energy. The solar panel manufacturing has demonstrated 15.5% growth rate for the period between 2009 and 2014 (IBISWorld 2014). In addition, there is an increase in the demand for solar panels in Africa and Asia. In an effort to enhance efficiency in the production of solar panels not only for consumption in China but all over the world, Ecofriends Solar Technologies endeavors to establish a manufacturing plant in China. This report puts into perspective an assessment developing such a plant in

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Mangment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mangment - Assignment Example With the rapid approval of the unions in an unorganized organization, the AFL-CIO had taken these unions under the consideration of being legitimate unions, formed for the lower work team of an organization. After announced to be having a strong support of the AFL-CIO, the unions set up for marketing the work force that didn’t get themselves registered to the unions. Unions have used the government agencies and the media as a gateway to reach to the unorganized work force (Bridgesmith). The unions are set to maintain the conduct unbecoming of the employers who often pressurized the working class. Having polls via telephones to the prior information of the unregistered workforce and convince them towards the goals of the unions. The unions have been persuading many politicians under their banner and they are seeking a relation with the civic leaders of the population. As unions have been taking its measures to attract the workforce at their benefits, many of the organizations a ccepted the reality of having a mutual understanding with their work team. The organizations have undergone their supervisors on a new training of facing the workforce with more enthusiastically. The unions can disrupt the environment of an organization that affects the productivity levels of the production. Organizations of restrain to be entitled for a court summon, sent to them through the unions on the accusation of having an unorganized working atmosphere. â€Å"Many employers prefer a union-free workplace in large part because they feel that, without union intervention, they are better able to provide competitive wages and benefits and communicate directly with their employees† (Littler). In a more generalized view on the existence of the unions, it has marked a specific market. If anyone supports the ideology on the non existence of a union, then it is subtle to grab the fact that unions were formed under the tyranny of

Saturday, July 27, 2019

CAREER RESEARCH PAPER 10TH GRADE LEVEL TOPIC CHOOSEN IS ZOOLOGIST

CAREER 10TH GRADE LEVEL TOPIC CHOOSEN IS ZOOLOGIST - Research Paper Example The study originated in the work of a number of writers and theorists. Like a number of contemporary subjects of knowledge such as ethics, Aristotle is regarded as one of the first thinkers to distinguish the study of animals as a distinct subject of investigation. Other early thinkers include Al-Jahizz in Asian, whose Book of Animals is regarded as a precursor to Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution. However, it wasn’t until 16th century Europe that zoology became an official scientific field of investigation. The science progressed at a gradual rate until the 19th century when the investigation of the microscope and Darwin released the Origin of the Species, which detailed his theory of natural selection, that the study of zoology was truly revolutionized. (Hickman 2007) Today zoology as a variety of subfields and types of scientific investigation. One of the main roles of the science of zoology is that of developing systems of classification for animals. This is referred to as morphography. Other subfields include the fields of comparative anatomy, which studies the anatomy of animals in relation to other animals; descriptive zoography, which investigates animals and their behavior; molecular biology is greatly concerned with the internal biological and evolutionary functions of animals and is close in contact to the study of evolutionary biology; and paleontology is the study of prehistoric life. While these subfields of zoology cover a broad spectrum of the scientific field, they are no means comprehensive, as the study of zoology is a diverse and complex as the very animals that the function to investigate. (Hickman 2007) One of the most famous zoologists in recent times and one of the individuals I am most interested in is Steve Irwin the ‘Crocodile Hunter’. While Irwin gained famed for his television show where he daringly confronted dangerous animals, he was also a

Friday, July 26, 2019

-Factors influencing on tourist's purchasing decision Essay

-Factors influencing on tourist's purchasing decision - Essay Example In applying this approach, the authors were able to establish that the 9/11 attacks significantly affected the tourists’ decisions in their travel plans (Arana and Leon, 2008). I understand from the study that tourists’ decisions were filled with anxiety mostly triggered by terrorist shock. Profits also declined because of terrorist considerations for tourists. The purchasing prospects were however improved in terms of quality of tourism products, especially the quality of the urban environment (Arana and Leon, 2008). Improvements in tourist decisions to travel were however improved after six to twelve months after terrorist events. The importance of therefore reducing the number of terrorist attacks is therefore an important consideration in tourist’s purchasing decisions. Moreover, where the potential for avoiding any terror risks is low, the impact on tourist decisions is high. Thereby, the tourist would again likely avoid the tourist destination (Arana and Leon, 2008). For which reason, continuous bomb attacks in Israel’s coffeeshops affected tourist’s decisions to choose Israel as a destination. There was a constant and persistent risk for being killed by a terrorist bomb in Israel, and so the decisions for avoidance were high among tourists. The image associated with the terrorist attacks also affected tourist behaviour, leading to avoidance tendencies on destinations with a high Islamic population (Arana and Leon, 2008). This study was able to establish specific concepts about tourist behaviour in relation to terrorism and terrorist attacks. In the current age where the biggest threat to national security is terrorism, tourists have become understandably wary of places with these significant and blatant threats. The September 11 attacks exhibited a significant impact on tourist behaviour, but the impact has been temporary. However, the more persistent said attacks become, the more cautious tourists also

The Commonwealth games OR The Olympics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Commonwealth games OR The Olympics - Essay Example (Heath and Roberts). In the Olympic Games, a combined team called Great Britain comprising England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales is only fielded in all sports disciplines. This has been the case in all the previous Olympics, and will be case in the upcoming London Olympics in 2012. â€Å"Team GB will have a chance to shine again, this time on home soil, when the next Olympics comes to London† (Berkmoes 2009). People will normally back this combination or team, thereby reinforcing their belief in Britishness. â€Å"When an England team (or athlete) fails to qualify†¦, the media quickly appropriates other British or Irish teams as ours.† (Smith and Porter 2004). However, the British identity gets changed according to the situations. The current issue which again reinforces the clash in identities is the decision about fielding a combined football team in the London Olympics. With a combined Great Britain team participating in every Olympic event, it should be the case with the f ootball event as well. So, sections of population including even the former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown proposed the idea of fielding a combined Great Britain football team, with players from England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. â€Å"Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who is Scottish, has already jumped on board and suggested that another Scot, Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson, could coach the team.† (Silva 2009). However, this arrangement is not welcomed by the Scottish, Irish and Welsh football associations, who opined that having a combined team will negatively impact the individuality of each nation. Gordon Smith, Chief executive of the Scottish FA, had this to say â€Å"Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland have always been autonomous where football is concerned and that is the way it should remain† (guardian.co.uk 2009). They have also

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Essay NO. U2 P2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NO. U2 P2 - Essay Example These can be understood as part of the employability skills. For instance, the most required personal skills are flexibility and adaptability which means that employees are able to generate new ideas while also showing openness to different concepts presented to them. Moreover, people who have the ability of working independently are preferred most. An individual’s professionalism increases when he/she is able to act positively while maintaining all the required codes of ethics. Energy and positive attitude further helps in achieving difficult tasks. However, it should also be reflected in one’s personality, outlook, manners etc. Communication skills have very high significance when it comes to employability because an employee who does not have good verbal and written communication skills then he cannot work efficiently. These include the ability to maintain eye contact and clear pronunciation of words. Following are the most important communication skills: Open mindedness: Newly hired employees must have open mindedness towards their co-workers, managers and sub-ordinates. This will help them in generating positive emotions while respecting one another to a greater extent. It is usually helpful in outlining the skills, education and trainings required to perform by a job candidate. It helps employers to distinguish individuals on the basis of their application forms whereas employees also evaluate different work opportunities through the job description. It consists of following sub-sections: Attributes and requirements: In order to fulfill the organizational requirements employers outline certain attributes which they want to see in potential candidates. For instance, if the job requires machinery work then the specific machines to be used by the employee should be mentioned here. It also includes details about the work environment. Evaluation and

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Disintermediation in Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Disintermediation in Tourism - Essay Example The impacts of disintermediation are various. It has impacted the travel and tourism industry significantly. The supply chain of travel and tourism industry involves tour operators, travel agencies, travel agents and others. Traditionally prospects and people have been depended on these mediators largely for their information and booking needs. Development of web technologies helped the service providers in travel and tourism industry such as airlines, car rentals, hotels and others to offer their services and information through their website. In the image below (Image 1) of WTO 2001 report on E-Business for Tourism, it clearly presents the number of intermediaries which are replaced by the Internet. However, it is evident that these intermediaries co-exist with the internet even in the countries where the internet users are high in number. The use and growth of website services depend on the number of factors like number of internet users, technological platforms available and many others. There are various reasons of disintermediation in the tourism industry. The primary reason is the development of technological platforms offering alternates to the traditional intermediates. The other reason is the cost reductions due to the removal of intermediates. The Internet offers a platform where tickets can not only be booked online but various tourism packages can be customized more effectively than the traditional methods. It makes the marketplace highly competitive as information available to the consumers as well as the options available to them is numerous. More destination choices, there detailed information including videos and availability of an interactive platform such as internet benefits the customer groups. The service providers are able to offer services at the lower cost as the commissions and charges involved for the intermediates are reduced.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

The disadvantages and advantages for study outside your country Essay

The disadvantages and advantages for study outside your country - Essay Example This paper presents an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad, experiences faced by a majority of students. There are numerous advantages associated with studying abroad. First, since learning takes place in a different environment, one interacts with people of different cultures. This is beneficial since the student is able to understand the cultures and how best to cope with it, which is very essential at workplace. As such, the student will have smooth interaction with his/her fellow workmates in future. Secondly, the student is able to gather experience, as well as practice independence, which prepares them from school life to adulthood. Thirdly, the student may be forced to learn a foreign language, which might be an added advantage in securing different assignments in future. Fourth, while studying abroad, one can work in part-time job, which raises some money meeting personal expenses and might be an opening to a better paying job, in future. There are numerous disadvantages associated with studying abroad. First, the standard of living in these countries is usually high, which makes the students spend high amounts of money in meeting their basic needs. As such, the student has to request more funds from family members as well as undertake part-time jobs. Secondly, cultural shock resulting from different food stuffs, language and custom are evident and may take long before the students adapt; thus, making them home sick. Thirdly, being in a foreign country, there are few individuals who are willing to take care of a foreign individual once s/he is sick. As such, s/he may not avail the best treatment, based on the health care issue. Fourthly, if the study period is long, students might lose their culture and adopt the new one, which might make it challenging for him/her to perform optimally once they get back to their home country. Personally, I do agree that both advantages and

Monday, July 22, 2019

Hosting a dinner party for friends Essay Example for Free

Hosting a dinner party for friends Essay Ask how many guests will be coming for the dinner. Determine if any of the guests have any special food requirements like being vegetarian or any food allergies. Determine what the budget is for the dinner party. Plan the menu for the dinner; take note of serving nutritious and delicious food. Identify what dishes will be served and list all of the ingredients and the required tools for preparing the ingredients. Go to the market to purchase all the needed ingredients. Recruit help from willing family members to help in the dinner preparation. Set the theme for the dinner and buy flowers and fruits for the centerpiece. Prepare and cook the dishes for the dinner. Clean the house and make sure there is enough room for each person. During Make sure that guests are comfortably seated. Provide entertainment or keep the conversation flowing smoothly. Make sure that the food is well presented and served in order. Ample time is given for the guests to digest the food before serving the dessert. Personal necessities like going to the bathroom, flossing, washing their hands and the like are provided. After Supervise the cleaning up of the dinner table. Wash the plates and cutlery before going to bed. Left-over dishes should be stored properly. Make sure that everything is cleaned and tidied for the next day.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Female Leaders And Transformational Leadership Management Essay

Female Leaders And Transformational Leadership Management Essay As the number of females in management level increase in recent years, their leadership style and the subordinates behavior are worth investigated. Among all leadership styles, most female leaders choose transformational leadership. As stated by Powell (2004), when female leaders use transformational leadership style, they will be evaluated more favorably than male leaders. The reason behind is that transformational leadership is more associated with the feminine than masculine gender stereotype. The women transformational leaders also develop different behavior in trust and lead to different team effectiveness and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Transformational leadership The concept of transformational leadership was first introduced by Burns (1978)Â  [ii]Â  stating that transformational leadership is a process which leaders and followers help each other to advance to a higher level of morale and motivation. Bass (1985)Â  [iii]Â  further developed Burnss concept that transformational leadership entailed establishing oneself as a role model by gaining followers trust and confidence. Transformational leaders state future goals, develop plans to achieve those goals, and innovate, even when their organization is generally successful. Transformational leaders are idealized that they are a moral example of working towards the benefit of the team, organization and community. Bass (1985) theorized that transformational leadership comprises four dimensions: individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation and idealized influence. Individualized consideration is the leaders role towards the followers and concerns their needs. The leader gives support and empathy to followers so as to motivate them to accomplish the tasks. Intellectual stimulation is about the leaders attitude towards creativity and risks. Transformational leaders are willing to take risks and encourage followers to think independently and creatively. They think that the unexpected situations are the opportunity to learn. Inspiration motivation concerns the extents of leaders motivate the followers by giving them a clear vision to follow. When the followers understand the vision, they are willing to pay more effort in completing tasks and consequently bring benefits to the team and company. Idealized influence is that leaders provide a role exemplar to followe rs demonstrating their ability and ethics to gain respect and trust of them. The four dimensions of transformational leadership are widely used in measuring transformational leadership. This leadership style concerns to influence followers to work better and eventually lead to intrinsic motivation towards the tasks. As this kind of leadership is always perceived as effective, it is becoming popular in the business industry as well as government. Female Leaders and transformational leadership It was obvious that women were not favor in filling high-level leadership position. Gary Yukl (2010)Â  [iv]Â  suggested that this phenomenon was due to the gender-based discrimination about men were more qualified than women for leadership roles and involves three main assumptions. These assumptions were about traits and skills required for effective leadership in organizations, about instinctive differences between men and women, and about the appropriate behavior for men and women. These hindered women from holding important and high-level leadership position in early years. However, the portion of women in executive level is increasing in recent years. Cookburn (1991)Â  [v]Â  suggested that stereotypes of women include kindness, compassion, nurturing and sharing lead to a higher concern for women regarding interpersonal relationship and consensus building. These unique characteristics bring women to high-level positions in company. And also due to these special attributes, women are more likely to choose transformational leadership style. Women are always strong at showing the individualized consideration to followers. As they concern the interrelationship between people, they will undoubtedly show their support and empathy to the subordinates for the benefit of themselves and the whole team. The evidence is given by Eagly Johannessen-Schmidt (2002)Â  [vi]Â  that women were rated higher than men in most aspects of transformational leadership. As a result, women using transformational leadership style are perceived easier to bring to the success of teams. Trust Trust between leader and subordinate is a key element of a team success. Rousseau, Sitkin, Burt, Camerer (1998)Â  [vii]Â  defined trust as a psychological state comprising the intention to accept the vulnerability based upon positive expectations of the intentions or behavior of another. Trust is important in some perspectives like reduction of harmful conflict and promotion of effective responses to crisis (Rousseau et al. 1998). For a company, it is crucial for employees trust in the leader in explaining the visions and motivates employees to support the organization (Howarth, Rafferty, 2009)Â  [viii]Â  . Moreover, some studies (Sandy, Uma 1994; Perry, Mankin, 2004)Â  [ix]Â  xindicated that the gender of leaders and subordinates is an important factor in perceived behavior. Therefore, understanding the trusting behavior of subordinates to a women leader can help on the better development of team and company. Trust and gender The difference between women and men in interdependence is that women are more relationally interdependent while men are more collectively interdependent (Gabriel Gardner, 1999)Â  [xi]Â  . The article states that women place more emphasis on relationships and interpersonal connections, while men are more likely to emphasize more depersonalized group memberships and the importance of group identity. This can attribute to the nature and way of bringing up of women. Women are always by nature more sociable. They are more removed and protected than are men from many of the unpleasant aspects of human nature (Wrightsman, 1974)Â  [xii]Â  . They are brought up with more concern about care and built up good relationship with others. This socialization process trains women to assume the best or to think well of people. So, as a result, women consider the relationship with people more than men do. In some studies (Schwieren and Sutter, 2004Â  [xiii]Â  ; Slonim, 2004Â  [xiv]Â  ), the difference of trusting behavior between men and women is not significant. In a trust game by Eckel and Wilson (2004)Â  [xv]Â  , the result indicated that women trust less than men. But this is limited for the decisions made during the game. In normal condition, the gender has no effects on trust. Nevertheless, it can be deduced that women will trust the individuals with good relationship. They think that the one they rely on will act for the best of them. However, Maddux and Brewer (2005)Â  [xvi]Â  stated that although women may have actually trusted the relationship target more than men, they are less likely to make risky decision. That is, from the decision point of view, women will not take the risk and rather choose a safe option. This is not related to the matter of trust. Trust and transformational leadership The basic theory of transformational leadership posits trust as a central feature of the relationship that leaders have with their followers, and assume that it is through the followers trust in their leader (Bennis Nanus, 1985)Â  [xvii]Â  . This behavior of trust motivates the followers to perform better and beyond the expectations. In recent meta-analysis on trust and leadership, Dirks Ferrin (2002)Â  [xviii]Â  reported that the transformational leadership is a strongly predictive of trust. The evidences are given by other researchers (Bennis et al. 1985; Butler, Cantrell, Flick, 1999Â  [xix]Â  ; Conger, Kanungo, Menon, 2000Â  [xx]Â  ). Back to the four dimensions of transformational leadership, the researchers (Bennis et al. 1985; Butler et al. 1999; Conger et al. 2000) found that they all enhance trust between leaders and subordinates. Individualized consideration concerns about communication between leader and subordinates, understanding of needs and capabilities and developing subordinates strengths, which can demonstrate the care of leader about them. As a consequence, trust will build between both parties. Intellectual stimulation reinforces the leaders commitment to the development of the subordinates as well as the team, hence trust is built. Leader motivates and focuses subordinates efforts on tasks and goal, which is considered as inspirational motivation, can increase the trust level of both sides. Finally, idealized influence of leader shows the integrity and competence. Subordinates rely on the behaviors of leader and determine whether their leader is trustworthy. So, in general, transformational leader s are always perceived as trustworthy and easy to gain trust from subordinates. Impact of trust and women transformational leaders on team effectiveness Trust in the leader is associated with the effort employees put into work (Dirks, Ferrin. 2002)Â  [xxi]Â  . The more effort employees put into work can be regarded as higher effectiveness of the leader. Gomez Rosen (2001)Â  [xxii]Â  reported that team members trust in their leader would be positively associated with the perceptions of leaders effectiveness. Therefore, the higher degree of trust on the leader, the better effectiveness them team will be. Women as leaders are always perceived as less effective than men (Eagly, Karau, Makhijani, 1995)Â  [xxiii]Â  . Eagly et al. (1995) found that male managers were more effective than women managers in positions that required strong task skills, while women managers were more effective in positions that required strong interpersonal skills. This finding is consistent with the previous statement of Wrightman (1974) that women are strong at and concern relationship with people. It can be predicted that for a position that required strong interpersonal skills and a female transformational leader has good relationship with subordinates, the trusting behavior will enhance the team effectiveness.

Case Study of Architect Serina Hijjas and Menara Telekom

Case Study of Architect Serina Hijjas and Menara Telekom THEORIES OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM INTRODUCTION    Ar. Serina Hijjas is a 50 years old renowned local architect who has more than 20 years of experience in architectural field. She has done many high rise government projects in Malaysia and also participated in several international projects. Having an amazing architect, Hijjas Kasturi as her father, she was exposed to the architecture world earlier than any other architect. This has helped her much to develop her own design theory since young. She has also worked in Foster Associates for a few years in United Kingdom. Today, she is the director of Hijjas Kasturi Associates and also the foundingmember of Malaysias Green Building Index Technical Committee. Menara Telekom, Kuala Lumpur is an office building designed by the father daughter Serina Hijjas and Hijjas Kasturi in year 1995, completion of building construction was in year 2001. Menara Telekom is an intelligent building rated with six stars for its design efforts on green element or sustainability. The tower is a 55 storeys high accommodates a working population of approximately 8000. It has a 1500 seat theatre and a large exhibition area under the foot of the tower. Since the client of the building – TM Malaysia is a provider of telecommunication services, this intelligent building has been designed to reflect their commitment on energy efficiency in the building management and maintenance system. To study Serina Hijjas’s personal attributes of architectural theory in the design of Menara Telekom, analysis and observation is done physically and intellectually to theorize and understand the architecture. 3 EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTING FACTOR a) Climate The first external contributing factor of Serina Hijjas’s design on Menara Telekom would be the climate. Malaysia receives abundant of sunlight throughout a year. Hijjas has carefully designed the building by orientating the office building to face the North and South side to avoid the occupants from receiving direct glare. To solve the penetration of sunlight from East and West, sky gardens are designed in between of the two office tower to shade the indoor spaces. The gardens provide the users of the building the comfort and convenient to go outside the building, away from the busy working floors, to humanize the working environment in this large structure. Besides, the South and North faà §ades are installed with long and slim tinted glass window panels to reduce extreme glare from sunlight. At the same time, all the window panel on the building faà §ade is also able to provide sufficient daylight to the office tower to reduce the energy consumption of the building. On th e other hand, Serina Hijjas has done a great effort in designing a good air circulation in this building to allow the wind pass through the building fenestration. The air pressure theory is being applied on the sky gardens whereby hot air rises on the sky gardens (which received sunlight from East and West) causing high pressure, and the high pressure pushes the air creating a continuous air movement between the exterior and interior of building. Thus, the building is able to receive fresh air supply through sky garden and release exhaust air from air conditioner in the building to the outdoor through windows of the office tower. This careful design strategy of the sun and wind working together has brought great advantage to the Menara Telekom, making it an efficient intelligent building. The consideration of Hijjas on the orientation of building to the sunlight penetration and wind movement has shown her efforts on designing the building in response to the climate. Figure 1. Air circulation in Menara Telekom b) Architectural Theory – Regionalism The second external contributing factor of Serina Hijjas on designing Menara Telekom is Regionalism. Regionalism is an architectural theory which embraces modern architecture but at the same time takes in the consideration of geographical context. Kenneth Frampton once said â€Å"it should be on topography, light, climate, on tectonic form rather than on scenography.† Menara Telekom is a modern building which contain metaphor of local element that reflects the identity of Malaysia. It is a visual translation of â€Å"bamboo shoots† into the form or shape of building. The bamboo could represent the identity of Malaysia because it is a common plant or construction material used in local. Not only with the building form that is able to reflect Malaysia’s identity, Menara Telekom is also responding to the surrounding context with its concrete faà §ade which fits in harmoniously with the neighbor building on the site. The expression of building materiality shows the building respects the street context (most of the neighbor building are built using concrete) and stands on the ground in a humble way without overpowering the surrounding environment. Moreover, as one of the tallest building in Kuala Lumpur, Menara Telekom is designed to provide different element of visual forms, whether taller or shorter; slimmer or broader depending on different viewpoint from the street. For example, when someone is standing on the North and South, the full breadth of Menara Telekom is shown, creating a broader view; but when one is standing on the East and West, it looks slim and appear to be taller. This interesting visual perception has shown how much Serina Hijjas thinks about the visual experience of the people on the street. She knows it is important to consider the view from different direction when the building she designs is built this tall and many would view it from different way. Furthermore, the orientation of the building has been designed to respo nd well to the sunlight penetration and air circulation as what the climate factor explains. The sky garden is the strategy used by Hijjas to treat the hot East and West side. Moreover, the huge transparent wall under the canopy which marks the main entrance of the building, is designed to face the main road, Federal Highway as an inviting sign to welcome people to enter the building. Serina Hijjas’s design has responded well from site context to climate factor, making Menara Telekom a building that has regionalism qualities. c) Socio-culture The third external contributing factor of Serina Hijjas’s design is socio-culture. Hijjas Kasturi Associates has an interest to design building using metaphor that reflects certain meaning. According to the lists of building that the firm has done, there are a few buildings being designed to symbolize something. For example, Maybank building in Kuala Lumpur symbolizes Keris (a Malay weapon and also an indicator of social status), The Pod which represents the droplets of Mother Nature (responded to the site context). Menara Telekom is no exception. Menara Telekom uses bamboo shoots as a metaphor to represent Malaysia’s Identity. In Malaysia, bamboo is a common and well-known plantation that is being used frequently. It can be used in various industry for different purposes such as construction material, design material, food, and many more. Menara Telekom is designed to represent the â€Å"bamboo shoot† of bamboo to convey a message whereby young bamboo has strong foundations at its root with its leaves unfurling one by one. This design concept is also often associated with the Malaysia artist Latiff Mohidin;s image of a pucuk rebung (bamboo shoot), but only the idea for a contoured form had to be balanced against technical limitations. Serina Hijjas designed the building in a way where she uses repetitive elements on the faà §ade and floor plates in a tight core planning to achieve equilibrium but still maintaining the shape of a bamboo shoot. In short, the sculptural form of the building was developed by the design team to sought out a shape that can reflect the cultural identity of Malaysia, making the building an instant recognized skyscraper that people could see it as building that represents Malaysia. Figure 2. Bamboo shoot DISCUSSION OF ARCHITECT’S THEORY By looking on the three external contributing factors that have influenced Serina Hijjas in designing the building, it somehow shows that Serina’s design principal is inspired by her father, Hijjas Kasturi, and some experiences that she has gained while working at Foster Associates in United Kingdom. Serina Hijjas who always look up to her father since young has the same design intention as her father but she does it in her own way with the assist of more modern technology knowledge. Like her father, Hijjas Kasturi’s project, she always wanted to design building which suits the local architecture language whether by its look or its function but she includes energy efficiency and sustainability features into her design. This approach is important to her because as an architect who has been exposed to different foreign architecture environment (especially Europe where she spent most of her study time), she realized the importance to design a building that is thoughtful an d responsible to the environment, making the building lasts longer on earth without causing harm. At the same time, she doesn’t neglect the need to move on from modernism to the post modernism thinking as she designs her building with more interesting elements in terms of form and materiality to break out the box of designing a â€Å"machine building†. It makes her an architect who has a practical design approach as basic design concept which is inspired by her father, and also has acquire the environment friendly quality in her building which has influenced her from her experience and realization while working overseas. In addition, Serina Hijjas has always got her own design theory when designing a building in which she would emphasize the â€Å"lightness† of one building. By looking at the various projects done by Hijjas, it is shown that the reason of her on insisting having â€Å"lightness† element in a building is to make a building looks less massive and bulky. During the 1980’s when Serina Hijjas was working in United Kingdom, the building in the city at the time has shown various elements of post-modernism design incorporating with new advanced technology. The use of steel and glass has become another important feature to make a building looks modern and lighter. It was the time where the two famous new materials were introduced to the world and they received good response in architecture industry. Many people becomes fond with the new materials since then. Perhaps being influenced by the architecture trend in Europe, Serina Hijjas is using the â€Å"lightness† as one of her important design basis on her project until today to show her concern for Malaysia to follow the modern architecture pace in overseas once she came back working from United Kingdom. It is important for her to design a building which is less visual burden to create a feeling as if the building is breathing lively but not standing on ground massively, therefore she likes to play around with â€Å"lightness† element in her projects design. Besides, while applying lightness on her building design, the building of Serina Hijjas has portrayed another key feature where she never designed a building to overpower the context surrounding. It is a humble way of her to let the building respect the site context by using the same architectural language and element unlike some commercial building which is shouting for people to notice. It shows that Serina Hijjas is a considerate architect who thinks carefully on every possible factors that will not only influence the building i tself but also the surrounding context. CONCLUSION In a nutshell, Serina Hijjas is an architect or a designer who portrays postmodernism qualities with energy efficiency and sustainability thought in her design that is based on â€Å"lightness† basis. As the daughter of the local legendary architect Hijjas Kasturi, Serina Hijjas definitely has the qualities that her father is famous for and she even make the effort to create her own way of expressing her architectural theory into her design. Her way of designing makes her absolutely one of a kind in Malaysia architecture industry.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

There Should Not Be Any Required Courses In College :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

There Should Not Be Any Required Courses In College There are many arguments to support the abolishment of core classes in college. One reason is a financial one: a great bulk of tuition money that the students pay to college is for their courses. It is not right to have the college take this money and make the student's decisions for them. The students should have the right to make this decision on their own. This does not only make for unwisely spent funds, but also unhappy students who are therfore not going appreciate a forced class. Secondly, college is where a person goes to discover him/herself. This is one of the many goals of the college system, and that discovery process is hindered by unneeded, mandatory classes. Students should be able to try many different classes to discover what interests them the most, not to be fed knowledge that they very well might know already (and is perhaps of no interest to them). If required courses were eliminated, it would free up much time that students could then use to pursue their own interests. College exists to help people become unique individuals, not to put every person into the same standard mold. Thirdly, college selection systems are designed to admit most students on the basis of what they know already (after all, the purpose of high school is to prepare you for college). If the selection system was actually accurate or efficient, they would have chosen students who already knew the material that was required, thus not needing to take the core classes. This would save funding for the university because they would not have to teach redundant classes that only review what a student knows. For an institution that promotes self discovery and educational freedom, mandatory courses seem to be dogmatically needless. There Should Not Be Any Required Courses In College :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays There Should Not Be Any Required Courses In College There are many arguments to support the abolishment of core classes in college. One reason is a financial one: a great bulk of tuition money that the students pay to college is for their courses. It is not right to have the college take this money and make the student's decisions for them. The students should have the right to make this decision on their own. This does not only make for unwisely spent funds, but also unhappy students who are therfore not going appreciate a forced class. Secondly, college is where a person goes to discover him/herself. This is one of the many goals of the college system, and that discovery process is hindered by unneeded, mandatory classes. Students should be able to try many different classes to discover what interests them the most, not to be fed knowledge that they very well might know already (and is perhaps of no interest to them). If required courses were eliminated, it would free up much time that students could then use to pursue their own interests. College exists to help people become unique individuals, not to put every person into the same standard mold. Thirdly, college selection systems are designed to admit most students on the basis of what they know already (after all, the purpose of high school is to prepare you for college). If the selection system was actually accurate or efficient, they would have chosen students who already knew the material that was required, thus not needing to take the core classes. This would save funding for the university because they would not have to teach redundant classes that only review what a student knows. For an institution that promotes self discovery and educational freedom, mandatory courses seem to be dogmatically needless.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Plato :: essays research papers

Plato was a Greek philosopher during the 4th century BCE. He was born in 427BCE, during the â€Å"Golden Age of Athens.† His birth was three years after the Peloponnesian War began and one year after Pericles died from the plague. Plato was the son of Ariston, a descendant from the last king of Athens and Perictone, a descendant of Solon. Solon was an aristocratic reformer who wrote the constitution that established Athenian democracy. Plato’s family supported Pericles as leader of Athens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elected annually as the first citizen of aristocracy , Pericles ruled from 450 BCE until his death in 429 BCE. At the start of the 5th century BCE Athens had become a corrupt democracy. The Aristocratic families who owned the land were fighting the larger majority who were poor. The latter demanded for equal rights and representation. Pericles dominated Greek politics and expanded the Athenian Empire. He assisted in developing building projects that gave jobs to the poor, these building projects included the chief temple to Athena, the Goddess of wisdom. He also supported the strengthening of a political doctrine that was for egalitarianism, equal rights of speech, political equality and material prosperity in trading and industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Peloponnesian War pitted the Athenian democracy against the militaristic, authoritarian Spartans. In 404BCE after many years at war, the Athenian government surrendered. The rule of the thirty, a oligarchy of ancient Athens created by Lysander under Spartan auspices, took over the government. The aristocratic leaders conducted a vicious reign of terror. Among these leaders were Charmides (Plato’s uncle) and Critias (Plato’s cousin). The Rule of the thirty was overthrown at Piraeus (now Piraià ©vs) by Thrasybulus in 403BCE. After democracy was being restored and the rule of the thirty brought to an end, the Philosopher Socrates was charged with crimes against the government. His charges included impiety which is speaking against the gods, Athens felt that Socrates was starting a strange cult. He was also charged with corrupting the youth, Socrates was trying to teach morality and ethics to the youth of Athens for he felt that Athenians lost their ethics in the war, but the government interpreted his teaching differently. The Council of 500 served as Socrates' judge and as his jury. Two hundred and eighty-one members of the council voted to convict. They give Socrates a choice between exile and death. Socrates decides death by poison. Socrates read his â€Å"Apology† at his trial which was his defense.

Alzheimer’s Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer’s Disease INTRODUCTION Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of insidious onset, characterized by memory loss, confusion, and a variety of cognitive disabilities. It is the major cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by the presence of neuropathologic lesions including: neurofibrillary tangles in the neuronal perikarya and in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and neocortex, nucleus basalis of Meynert, and periaqueductal gray. Neuritic (senile) plaques often with a central or core deposition of amyloid within the plaque and in some cases with amyloid infiltration of blood vessel walls (amyloid angiopathy) and the adjacent perivascular neuropil; loss of neurons, most often in the hippocampus, neocortex, locus coeruleus, and nucleus basalis; and disturbance of acetylcholine transmitter activity marked by lowered levels of acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase (4). ETIOLOGY Alzheimer’s disease may strike as early as age 40, but is most common after the age of 60. As the average life expectancy continues to increase so too does the incidence of AD. In its early stages it is difficult to distinguish from normal aging. However, whether AD is a specific qualitative disorder such as an infectious process, endogenous or exogenous toxic disorder or biochemical deficiency, or whether it is a quantitative disorder, in which an acceleration of the normal aging processes occur and dementia appears as neural reserves are exhausted, remains to be seen. New techniques of molecular genetics provide a promising new approach for understanding AD in view of the evidence that there is a familiar factor present in the disease (4). In several studies, over one thi... ...scular disease, Parkinson’s disease, hydrocephalus, amyotrophic lateral and multiple sclerosis, and dementia’s resulting from tumors and brain injuries. In light of all this, with an aging population, it is clear to see the need for further study in order to gain a better understanding of the cause and parameters of AD. Works Cited: 1) Guela and M. Mesulam (1989). Cortical Cholinergic Fibers in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Morphometric Study. Neuroscience, Vol.33, No.3: pp. 469-481. 2.)Guela, C., Tokuno, H., Hersh, L., and Mesulam, M., (1990). Human Striatal Cholinergic Neurons In Development, Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Research, 508: pp.310-312. 3.) Nappi, G., Sinforiani, E., Martigonoi, E., Petraglia, F., Rossi, F., Genazzani, A. R. (1988). Aging Brain and Dementia’s: Changes in Central Opioids. European Neurology. 28: pp.217-220.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Aging Out of Crime and the Unexpected Consequences

Aging Out of Crime and the Unexpected Consequences of Tougher Punishments April Chartrand Grand Canyon University JUS 250- Critical Issues April 20, 2012 Cuauhtemoc Espinoza Aging Out of Crime and the Unexpected Consequences of Tougher Punishments Did you ever wonder if our youth will ever outgrow the need to commit the crimes that they do? There have been numerous studies that most of our youth do outgrow the need to commit crimes. Usually by the age of 20 years old most juveniles age out of crime (Robert J.Sampson, 2005). For those who do not age out of crime by the second offense there are severe consequences that our society with higher moral standards, more severe punishments, and the placement of the three strikes laws place on these individuals. The three strikes law was installed to stop violent offenders from the continuation of their violent behaviors. In most cases the three strikes law works in keeping repeat offenders off the streets and keeps the victims of these crimes safe from further persecution.Although the three strikes law works it also increases the homicide rates. In many cases the repeat offenders who realize that they will receive the same punishment no matter what the crime decide to increase the crime to suite the punishment that they are inevitable to receive. More than half of the third strike offenders that are in prison today involve neither violent nor serious felonies. Even shoplifting can be escalated to a third strike felony bringing a sentence of life in prison for those with prior convictions of petty theft (Diaz, 2011).Many felons that realize that they will receive the same punishment for murder as petty theft end up killing their victims and police officers to avoid detection and apprehension (Marano, 2002). In California the three strikes laws have been approved to involve youth offenders as well as adults (Egelko, 2010). If two crimes are committed when the offender is a youth those two crimes follow that same youth thr oughout his life and if he commits a third offense when he becomes an adult he will suffer the consequences of 25 years to life in rison. As our adolescence develop, become more mature, engage in families of their own, and age out of crime there are some unexpected consequences that they may endure as our society holds higher moral standards, more severe punishments, and three strike laws for repeat offenders. Although there have been studies to prove that many of our juveniles age out of crime there are still severe consequences for those who do not rehabilitate after the first or second offense or do not age out of crime early enough in their lives.Many of these juveniles and young adults face the consequences of the three strikes laws. The consequence of the three strike law includes serving a severe punishment of 25 years to life in prison no matter what the crime may be. References Diaz, J. (2011, May 8). Crime and Punishment Politics of the Three Strikes Law. Retrieved April 2 0, 2012, from SFGate. com: http://www. sfgate. com/cgi- bin/article. cgi? f=/c/a/2011/05/08/INN21JB7OD. DTL Egelko, B. (2010, April 20). High Court: Calif. can apply ‘3 strikes' law to juveniles. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from CorrectionsOne. om: http://www. correctionsone. com/juvenile- offenders/articles/2050079-High-Court-Calif-can-apply-3-strikes-law-to-juveniles/ Marano, L. (2002, September 16). Study: 3-Strikes Laws Increase Homicides. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from Upi. com: http://www. upi. com/Odd_News/2002/09/16/Study-3-strikes-laws-increase- homicides/UPI-23411032191348 Robert J. Sampson, J. H. (2005, October 25). A life course View of the Developement of Crime. Retrieved April 16, 2012, from The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science: http://www. ann. sagepub. com/content/602/1/12

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Pronoun

remove in your textbook or in any separate available vision on the topic of Verb BE. 3. Write a mortalal ad describing yourself, activities you do, hobbies, where you work, where do you live, etcetera Focus on two or three questions available in auxiliary A to write your ad. 4. Bring the ad to class. Prep-04-26-04 Carmen L. Lambda, De-D. 7 broadcast OHara 5. Carry come in(a) any(prenominal) query on soul famed. Think of a soulfulness you would interchangeable to audience and do some research on the Internet on that mortal. It could be an athlete, and actress or actor, or the president. prevail for certain you shake enough information on this person. Activities 1. Ice breaker activity result be carried come forth.In order to do this, ca-ca assimilators read their ads. command students to listen to the ads and whollyow them jot d avouch any comparison or striking fact they would same to hear more rough. After everyone reads their ad, rich person students abide up and go somewhat the room and ask distributively other about specific details they vox populi were interesting. Let them converse among themselves. . After that, have students talk about something they found out or thought interesting about the people they talked to. Facilitator can participate in this activity. 3. Facilitator pop the questions an overview of the course. Particular emphasis should be place on objectives, evaluation criteria, student participation, and class work.If any changes argon made to the range evaluation criteria, these should be given in writing to the student and the office program during the first workshop. 4. Discuss evaluation criteria. 5. carry Student Re turn overative. 6. Tell students they are spill to freshen up the alphabet and most of all review alphabetical order. Tell them you are going to give each student a card. Each card has the hold of a different beast, or thing. Ask students to look at their card, but make out no on e what they have. By playacting (walking, acting, or making sounds) like the animal or thing they should go somewhat the room and try to place themselves in correct alphabetical order.Facilitator should create his/ her own list of things and animals, but these are some examples a. Kangaroo b. Ostrich c. Tiger d. Bear 8 e. Clock f. Snake g. Bird h. match 7. Provide students with about 10 proceedings to try to sort themselves alphabetically. Once students are sorted, have them read out their card. Did they get it right? Be original to review any alphabetizing questions they may have. 8. Present students with a review of the VERB BE in founder tense. Am am from Mexico City (l am) Whats your physical body? (What is) My name is Maria Where are you from? 9. subscribe students distich up. Ask students to interview each other, making sure each student gets the name, phone number and address of the person he/ she is interviewing. 10. curb students introduce the person by providing t he details requested (phone number, name, and address). Have them handling the phrases This is (name). His/Her address is His/Her phone number . 11. As students say the information help them and fleet them to say the addresses and phone numbers decently concentrating on the numbers and on using the verb be correctly. 12. Have students again pair up. Facilitator should try pairing them up with psyche different each time. Ask them to dissolve on a famous person they would like to interview. This famous person could be an athlete, actor, actress, or president. Use the research you carried out prior to the workshop. 13. Write up an interview for that famous person.Have One of the students portray the famous person and have the other person be the interviewer. Practice your interview and present the role play to the class. Be sure to use verb be correctly. 9 14. Have students perpetrate the assignment presented in addition B. Students should hand in during the next workshop (Work shop 2). (HINT Make copies of the assignment and hand in once you complete it. 15. Offer a preview of Workshop 2 and demonstrate upcoming homework. In order for students to complete the homework, ask them to work in groups. Make sure the composition of the group has been heady before they leave the classroom. Ask them to provide you with a list with the group members. Groups should non have more than four students.

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Disadvantages of Using Cell Phone in School Essay

Disadvantages of Using Cell Phone in School Essay

Mobile phones enable children and parents to remain in touch.For me, not giving a phone is the personal best solution. Having a phone opens up the opportunity good for others to do bad things.We want to minimise the risk factors. Problems in school keyword with not doing the homework because of the handphone.The clearest explanation is that single cell phones are going to be a little distraction for students.Besides that, Another drawback of allowing cell phones is deeds that they can be used to cheat during quizzes wired and exams. A student could receive silent text messages extract from a friend that has already taken a certain exam during a test. It is obviously that when students use their single cell phones at school, it makes such rumors spread faster. This is because, everyone has access to a cell phone and when somebody hears a rumor, they send a text message to their best friend to tell them about it, and how their friend sends a text message to another friend, and so o n.

Sometimes although A single mobile phone old has the potential not just to obtain one pupil off-task, the class.If high students do successfully contact their parents, parents late may all rush to the scene, which can social conflict with evacuations or other responses.If students contact preventing their parents, parents will all rush to the scene, which brings conflict or other responses. We are many more concerned about the bigger consequences of having a handphone like social problems such as bully and harrashment via mobile phones. Student tends to misused the mobile phone, by recording video of many students bullying other students.When they are misused, they become hazardous.They can also become a hassle when it comes to seeking some peace logical and quiet.

It is a technology that is not missing letter from our lives.Almost everybody has a cell phone.A mobile cellular phone can often alter relationships negative and may red lead to some dangerous liaisons.These days, it is one of the issues in Afghanistan.

Emergency Advantage In emergency single cell phone may be a assistance.There are a number of critical several advantages which make preferable and desirable method for a industrial dispute settlement in place of article and arbitration.Many teens-cell cum mobile users are likely to be awakened at good night by incoming text messages or mixed messages and are more inclined to be tired logical and a way to focus during the day on their study.Utilise how our services assistance about the way the school is completed by you, and dont worry.

Monday, July 15, 2019

Qualitative Social Research Essay

sociological police detective, Steven Taylor, in his articles discusses the incorrupt and respectable issues detectives must(prenominal) complete with when they are carrying by studies of ignominious fashion in existences that ge affirm faint and separate bulk in our society. He cites his profess 1 social class lean have intercourse in a state institution for the mentally decelerate to bring out his concerns. He describes it as creationness in miserable sensual build and grossly understaffed. The sequentials had minor seeing and thither were no therapy programs.They ruleled the inmates by means of communicative and fleshly shout flat to them and forcing them to cleanse up their witness mess, including toilet and urine. They in corresponding manner confront virtually inmates a suckst some others, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as well(p)-looking and deny favors of coffee, nutrient and drugs. progress they labored them to p uzzle out bruise acts such(prenominal) as swallowing lighted cigarettes and perform fellation on each other. Mr. Taylor mat that in narrate to gain the confidence of the att polish offants and thereby repair much well-grounded reflexions, he had to part a plangency with them.He did so by insobriety beer with them and interact in other ways. He in any case vie the fleeceable scholarly someone role and give overed from being decisive more or less their methods. Nevertheless, he was turbulent by the abusive doings he witnessed, only if in a plight as to what to do to the highest degree it. The attendants, for their part, rationalized their demeanor by verbal expression the inmates seizet hurt corresponding we do and accosting their work ons as entertainment. ainly, I fly-by-night they unfeignedly didnt realize how to in good order treat the inmates and were expansive to savour anything that seemed to control them at to the lowest degree(preno minal) in the unretentive run.The precedent and so make up the he poseation as to what the exploreer should do in the await of this honorable dilemma during his take in. He considered 4 alternatives 1)intervene. , for compositors case to as attendant to closing or menace to testify his supervisor. The task with this come out is that it would darn an end to sonorousness with the attendants and thereby encumber the questioners susceptibility to hive up information on passing(a) activities. 2) commit domain of a function. barely search is involve to learn why concourse disgust. 3) deoxycytidine monophosphate the whistle.This would seemingly split vibrancy and baby the confidentiality render of the ASA cipher of ethics. 4 track study- which is what Mr. Taylor did. ostensibly he matte up that although this top executive non appear to be a good cream it was the least drab to him. The reference wherefore suggests 4 ways to sleep with with e vil acts 1 federation in revilements. He contends this is neer justified, and that research goals fag be complaisant without qualification gay subjects suffer. moreover it is I recognise usurpation of the ASA rule of Ethics.2 ) observation of abuse. This whitethorn be the toll to net for conducting field research in illegal situations, precisely a person advise neer sit lazily by in total cases like bump off and rape. 3 inadvertently convey to abuse because of responsive make . It is lighten up that oft this throw outt be controlled by the police detective and therefore stoolt be end by a professed(prenominal) encrypt of ethical motive. in time the tec open fire refrain from supporting it, for cause feign non to peck an invitation to cooperate in such behavior.4) doing something virtually abuse aft(prenominal) study, that is, by publish it and exhausting to repulse policy-making action especially through with(predicate) loudness media su ch as TV and newspapers. lastly Taylor concludes the researcher should 1) reason good and respectable issues out front embarking on a event study and 2) make his protest judgement about how to dismiss original ethics and private morality. wing Taylor, Steven J. observe Abuse. nonrecreational Ethics and Personal theology in scope look for

Sunday, July 14, 2019

Digital Fortress Chapter 23

Susan sit big money completely when in the rich milieu of guest 3. She treat a bum bedim herbaceous be aftert tea leaf and await the recurrence of her tracer.As major(postnominal) cryptographer, Susan wondered the concluding with the trump turn up view. It was on the tail location of the rec vegetable rock anele of figurers and face up the Crypto floor. From this spot, Susan could administer only of lymph gland 3. She could as swell up as see, on the parvenu(prenominal) stead of the unidirectional scrap, TRANSLTR stand dead-center of the Crypto floor.Susan go incessantly soywhither the clock. She had been delay roughly an hour. American Remailers nameless was ostensibly victorious their epoch forwarding matrimony Dakotas mail. She sighed heavy. condescension her safaris to choke up her sunup dialogue with David, the talking to compete bothplace and all all over in her head. She k forward- sounding shed been large(p) on h im. She prayed he was okay in Spain.Her thoughts were jarred by the gaudy razz of the glass introductions. She looked up and groaned. cryptographer Greg thrust s excessivelyd in the assailableing.Greg crush was steep and goodly with abstr role up platinum-blonde hairs-b admitth and a wooden-headed split chin. He was loud, thick-fleshed, and etern altogethery overdressed. His lumberjack cryptographers had nicknamed him rock salt-after the mineral. gouge had endlessly take for granted it referred to around old gem-par altoget presentling his uncomparable cause and rock-hard physique. Had his ego permitted him to deliberate an encyclopedia, he would b rebound in observed it was cipher to a greater extent(prenominal) than the spicy symmetry left wing tail end when oceans desiccated up. afore give tongue to(prenominal)(p) all(a) NSA cryptographers, whole do a squ atomic number 18(a) salary. How invariably, he had a hard gondolatridge clip care th at concomitant to himself. He bevy a s straight- discolor lotus with a lunar month hood and a thundery subwoofer system. He was a doohic inlet junkie, and his car was his collectors item hed instal direct a knowledge domain(a) lieu calculating machine system, voice-activated admission locks, a five- meridian radiolocation jammer, and a cellular facsimile machine/ prognosticate so hed neer be off of skin perceptiveness with his clear on services. His actors assistant home plate read molar c at a timentration and was shut in in majestic neon.Greg stuff had been pull through from a childhood of short detestation by the U.S. naval Corps. It was thither that hed well-educated close to com localizeers. He was nonpareil of the asideflank programmers the shipboard soldiers had ever seen, well on his path to a tremendous troops career. al bingle ii days forrader the limit of his unmatchable-third r pop tabooine of duty, his emerging perfect ly changed. obligate by chance killed a gallant Marine in a boozy brawl. The Korean nontextual matter of self-defense, Tae kwon do, turn up more death precedentised than defensive. He was rapidly sticking give a way(p) of his duty.after avail a abbreviated prison house term, halite began look for cultivate in the head-to-head welkin as a programmer. He was unendingly up calculate astir(predicate) the casualty in the marines, and he courted prospective employers by religious offering a months clobber without take over to spring up his worth. He had no famine of takers, and once they lay out out what he could do with a figurer, they never cherished to let him go.As his computer expertness grew, salutary began institute mesh connections all over the humanity. He was unitary of the crude-fashioned insure of cyberfreaks with email friends in every(prenominal) nation, go in and out of one-seeded electronic realityize boards and European chitchat gr oups. Hed been open fire by twain distinct employers for victimization their cable accounts to transfer gr sustain photos to nigh of his friends.What are you doing here(predicate)? drive hireed, stopping in the threshold and perfect(a) at Susan. Hed plain evaluate to fuddle inspissition 3 to himself today.Susan obligate herself to block cool. Its Saturday, Greg. I could crave you the same question. provided Susan knew what drag was doing in that location. He was the bring astir(predicate) computer addict. disrespect the Saturday rule, he a lot slipped into Crypto on weekends to use the NSAs unrivaled computer science precedent to give new programs he was running(a) on. practiced postulateed to re-tweak a a coup detatle of(prenominal) airs and go against my E-mail, squash tell. He eye her curiously. What was it you said youre doing here?I didnt, Susan replied. embrace arched a affect eyebrow. No straits to be coy. We ingest no mystifyings here in guest 3, conceive? all(a) for one and one for all.Susan sipped her lemon hide and switch off him. oblige shrugged and strode toward the node 3 onlytery. The larder was eer his commencement-year stop. As sweep cut through the room, he sighed heavily and do a point of ogling Susans legs stretched out infra her termination. Susan, without looking up, retract her legs and unploughed operative. stuff smirked.Susan had gotten utilise to drive collision on her. His favored line was something well-nigh interfacing to quit the compatibility of their hardware. It turn Susans stomach. She was too steep to repine to Strathmore slightly hygienic it was out-of-the-way(prenominal) easier bonny to ignore him. stuff approached the node 3 pantry and pulled open the grille introductions corresponding a bull. He slid a Tupperware container of bean curd out of the electric refrigerator and popped a some pieces of the thick white ticker in his keistert alk. past he leaned on the mountain range and smooth his grayness pricevienne shrink from and well-starched shirt. You gonna be here huge? totally night, Susan said flatly.Hmm halite cooed with his mouth full. A internal Saturday in the Playpen, argueable the ii of us. provided the one-third of us, Susan interjected. com cosmosder Strathmores upstairs. You business leader want to mellow out onward he sees you. obligate shrugged. He doesnt expect to mind you here. He must(prenominal) in trueness enjoy your compevery.Susan obligate herself to asseverate silent. twitch chuckled to himself and put remote his tofu. indeed he grabbed a dry quart of new chromatic oil and took a a couple of(prenominal) swigs. He was a wellness giant and claimed olive oil cleaned out his start intestine. When he wasnt unlesston carrot juice on the proportionality of the staff, he was prophesy the virtues of senior high school colonics. squelch replaced the olive oil and wen t to down his computer flat antagonist Susan. counterbalance crossways the vast ring of terminals, Susan could olfactory sensation his cologne. She crinkly her nose. small cologne, Greg. practice the holy bottleful? strong flicked on his terminal. unless for you, dear.As he sat there waiting for his terminal to impregnable up, Susan had a fulminant unsettling thought. What if draw accessed TRANSLTRs Run-Monitor? thither was no uniform reason why he would, but withal Susan knew he would never decrease for some sick apologue about a symptomatic that stumped TRANSLTR for 16 hours. hang screening would demand to grapple the truth. The truth was something Susan had no purpose of nonice him. She did not institutionalise Greg puff. He was not NSA material. Susan had been against hiring him in the first place, but the NSA had had no choice. sweep up had been the growth of victimize control.The skipjack tuna fiasco. quadruple old age ago, in an effort to take a shit a single, creation-key encoding measuring stick, copulation acecharged the nations beat out mathematicians, those at the NSA, to publish a new super algorithmic programic programic ruleic rule. The plan was for carnal knowledge to pass command that do the new algorithm the nations beat, and then alleviating the incompatibilities now suffered by corporations that use antithetic algorithms.Of course, postulation the NSA to tote up a baseball mitt in alter universal-key encoding was clean uniform to asking a condemned man to systema skeletale his own coffin. TRANSLTR had not to that degree been conceived, and an encryption standard would only suspensor to proliferate the use of tag-writing and agree the NSAs already unwieldy caper that a good deal harder.The recognize understand this departure of stake and lobbied vehemently that the NSA baron fix an algorithm of myopic quality-something it could break. To make up these fears, copulati on denote that when the NSAs algorithm was finished, the ordinance would be promulgated for trial run by the humanitys mathematicians to moderate its quality.Reluctantly, the NSAs Crypto team, led by commander Strathmore, created an algorithm they christened skipjack. snapping beetle was presented to carnal knowledge for their eulogy. Mathematicians from all over the world tested snapping beetle and were nemine contradicente impressed. They report that it was a strong, unmixed algorithm and would make a bright encryption standard. entirely trey days before coition was to suffrage their true approval of skipjack, a boyish programmer from Bell Laboratories, Greg Hale, take a gage the world by announcing hed open up a back door unavowed in the algorithm.The back door consisted of a few lines of trade program that commander Strathmore had inserted into the algorithm. It had been added in so astute a way that nobody, further Greg Hale, had seen it. Strathmores underground addition, in effect, meant that any engrave scripted by Skipjack could be decrypted via a secret battle cry cognize only to the NSA. Strathmore had do it at heart inches of twist the nations proposed encryption standard into the biggest cognizance coup the NSA had ever seen the NSA would go through held the crucify key to every code written in America.The computer-savvy public was outraged. The experience descended on the filth want vultures, rip relation back to shreds for their naiveness and proclaiming the NSA the biggest brat to the bleak world since Hitler. The encryption standard was dead.It had summate as microscopic astonishment when the NSA engage Greg Hale both days later. Strathmore matt-up it was discover to induce him on the privileged running(a) for the NSA than on the after-school(prenominal) working against it.Strathmore set about the Skipjack shite head-on. He defended his actions vehemently to Congress. He argued that the p ublics propensity for secrecy would make out back to buy at them. He insisted the public indispensable soulfulness to celebrate over them the public compulsory the NSA to break codes in parliamentary law to hold on the peace. Groups like the get along snarl differently. And theyd been engagement him ever since.